Dynamic image encoding device and method

ABSTRACT

A fade detection unit performs fade detection, and in a case where a judgment of fade-in has been made, an encoding control unit notifies a motion detection unit to perform encoding in a reverse order to a display order. The fade detection unit performs the fade detection, and in the case where the judgment of the fade-in or fade-out has been made, the encoding control unit notifies the motion detection unit to perform encoding while importance is attached to a prediction from an image having a larger information amount in a B picture.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from the prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-265911, filed on Sep. 13, 2005; the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a dynamic image encoding device and method which effectively encodes a fade portion of the dynamic images.

DESCRIPTION OF THE BACKGROUND

Dynamic image is encoded using prediction between images of the dynamic image in order to reduce redundancy in a time direction. However, in a fade-in or fade-out portion of the dynamic image, a difference value between images becomes larger than that in normal dynamic images, and it is difficult to reduce the redundancy in the time direction, and consequently, the encoding efficiency is lowered, the picture quality is degraded and the amount of generated code is increased.

In order to keep the picture quality of the dynamic images to be constant, following methods have been proposed.

(1) A method in which in a fade-in portion, encoding is performed by only in-picture prediction (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Publication (KOKAI) JP-A-11-177989).

(2) A method in which a GOP structure of M=3 is changed into a GOP structure of M=2 (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Publication (KOKAI) JP-A-2002-84544).

However, in the method (1), since the fade-in portion is encoded by only the intra prediction in order to keep the picture quality, the redundancy in the time direction can not be reduced, and in order to keep the picture quality, the amount of the generated code is increased.

In the method (2), when the fade-in portion is encoded, with respect to a B picture, distances to temporally forward and backward reference images become constant, and with respect to a linear fade image, efficient prediction becomes possible by bidirectional prediction. However, in a fade picture in which a luminance change is nonlinear, an improvement of prediction efficiency can not be expected, and with respect to a P picture, an improvement of encoding efficiency in a fade image can not be expected.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to embodiments of the present invention, a dynamic image encoding device for performing an intra-image prediction includes a fade-in detection unit configured to detect a fade-in portion of dynamic images, and an encoding unit configured to encode the fade-in portion of the dynamic image by using prediction from a temporally backward image.

According to embodiments of the present invention, a dynamic image encoding device for performing an intra-image prediction includes a fade-in detection unit configured to detect a fade-in portion of a dynamic image, a motion vector detection unit configured to detect, for each image in the fade-in portion, only a backward motion vector between the each image and a temporally forward image, and an encoding unit configured to encode the each image in the fade-in portion by using the backward motion vector.

According to embodiments of the present invention, a dynamic image encoding device for performing an intra-image prediction includes a fade-in detection unit configured to detect a fade-in portion of a dynamic image, a motion vector detection unit configured to detect, for each image in the fade-in portion, a backward motion vector between the each image and a temporally forward image and a forward motion vector between the each image and a temporally backward image, a detection accuracy control unit configured to control detection accuracy so that detection accuracy of the backward motion vector is higher than that of the forward motion vector; and an encoding unit configured to encode the each image in the fade-in portion by using both the backward motion vector and the forward motion vector.

According to embodiments of the present invention, a dynamic image encoding device for performing an inter prediction includes a fade-out detection unit to detect a fade-out portion of a dynamic image, a motion vector detection unit configured to detect, for each image in the fade-out portion, a forward motion vector between the each image and a temporally backward image, and an encoding unit configured to encode the each image in the fade-out portion by using the forward motion vector.

According to embodiments of the present invention, a dynamic image encoding device for performing an inter prediction includes a fade-out detection unit configured to detect a fade-in portion of a dynamic image, a motion vector detection unit configured to detect, for each image in the fade-out portion, a backward motion vector between the each image and a temporally forward image and a forward motion vector between the each image and a temporally backward image, a detection accuracy control unit configured to control detection accuracy so that detection accuracy of the forward motion vector is higher than that of the backward motion vector, and an encoding unit configured to encode the each image in the fade-out portion by using the backward motion vector or both the backward motion vector and the forward motion vector.

According to embodiments of the present invention, in the fade of the dynamic image, the encoding efficiency can be greatly improved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a structure of a dynamic image encoding device of a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a structure of a fade detection unit and an encoding control unit of the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a structure of a motion detection unit of a second embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a structure of a fade detection unit and an encoding control unit of a third embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a fade detection unit and an encoding control unit of a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a fade detection unit and an encoding control unit of a fifth embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a fade detection unit and an encoding control unit of a sixth embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a fade detection unit and an encoding control unit of a seventh embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a structure of a motion detection unit of an eighth embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a view showing a prediction structure of fade-in.

FIG. 11 is a view showing a state of motion detection.

FIG. 12 is a view showing prediction efficiency of weighted prediction.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a processing of the fade detection unit and an encoding order control unit of the first embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a processing of the fade detection unit and a motion detection accuracy control unit of the third embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a processing of the fade detection unit and a motion detection search range control unit of the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing a processing of the fade detection unit and a motion detection calculation amount control unit of the fifth embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a processing of the fade detection unit and a motion detection reference image control unit of the sixth embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing a processing of the fade detection unit and a weighted prediction control unit of the seventh embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing a processing of the motion detection unit of the eighth embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, embodiments of a dynamic image encoding device of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the present specification, the term “image” indicates a concept including “picture”, “frame” and “field”.

First Embodiment

Hereinafter, a dynamic image encoding device 100 of a first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, 10, 11 and 13.

(1) Structure of the Dynamic Image Encoding Device 100

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of the dynamic image encoding device 100 of this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 1, the dynamic image encoding device 100 includes an input image memory 102, a fade detection unit 103, an encoding sequence control unit 104, a motion detection unit 105, an orthogonal transformation and quantization unit 106, an entropy encoding unit 107, an inverse quantization and inverse orthogonal transformation unit 108, and a reference image memory 109.

The input image memory 102 stores an input image 101 of an input dynamic image to be encoded.

The fade detection unit 103 calculates the information amount of the each input image stored in the input image memory 102, and judges, based on the calculated information amount, whether the input dynamic image fades or not.

In the case where the dynamic image fades, the encoding control unit 104 controls the encoding so that priority of an intra prediction from an image having a large information amount to an image having a small information amount is higher than an intra prediction from the image having the small information amount to the image having the large information amount.

The motion detection unit 105 performs a motion vector detection using the input image stored in the input image memory 102 and a reference image stored in the reference image memory 109 and generation of a prediction error.

The orthogonal transformation and quantization unit 106 performs an orthogonal transformation on the inputted prediction error and performs quantization of its transformation coefficient.

The entropy encoding unit 107 performs entropy encoding of the inputted transformation coefficient, the motion vector information and the like, and generates a code string.

The inverse quantization and inverse orthogonal transformation unit 108 performs inverse quantization of the transformation coefficient quantized by the orthogonal transformation and quantization unit 106, decodes the transformation coefficient, performs the inverse orthogonal transformation processing on the decoded transformation coefficient, decodes the prediction error, adds the decoded prediction error and the reference image, and generate a decoded image.

The reference image memory 109 stores the generated decoded image as the reference image.

FIG. 2 shows the structure of the fade detection unit 103 and the encoding control unit 104.

As shown in FIG. 2, the fade detection unit 103 includes an information amount calculation unit 201, a fade judgment unit 202 and a fade information buffer 203.

(2) Flow of Processing of the Fade Detection Unit 103 and the Encoding Control Unit 104

FIG. 13 shows a flowchart of the fade detection unit 103 and the encoding control unit 104.

(2-1) Step S1301

The information calculation unit 201 calculates the information amount of the input image from the input image memory 101.

As an example of the information amount, there is brightness value dispersion of an image indicated by expression $\begin{matrix} {\sigma^{2} = {\sum\limits_{y = 0}^{H}\quad{\sum\limits_{x = 0}^{W}\quad{\left( {{Y\left( {x,y} \right)} - E} \right)^{2}.}}}} & (1) \end{matrix}$

Where, σ² denotes brightness value dispersion of an image, Y(x, y) denotes a brightness component of a pixel of the image at a position (x, y), H denotes the number of pixels of the image in the vertical direction, W denotes the number of pixels of the image in the horizontal direction, and E denotes an in-plane average value of the brightness component of the image.

(2-2) Step S1302

The calculated information amount and an image ID are stored in the fade information buffer 203. Here, the image ID is such a value that an image can be uniquely identified from the image ID, and is, for example, the display number of the image.

(2-3) Step S1303

The fade judgment unit 202 judges whether the each input image is in the fade portion of the input dynamic image or not using the information amount corresponding to N (for example, N=15) images continuous in terms of time and stored in the fade information buffer 203.

In the case where the information amount corresponding to the N images continuous in terms of time monotonically increases for the N consecutive images, a judgment of fade-in is made.

On the contrary, in the case where the information amount corresponding to the N images continuous in terms of time monotonically decreases for the N consecutive images, a judgment of fade-out is made.

(2-4) Step S1304

With respect to the N images judged to fade in or fade out, a fade type is stored in the fade information buffer 203.

The fade type is a value to discriminate among “no fade”, “fade-in” and “fade-out”, and the initial value indicates “state of no fade”. After the judgment of “fade-in” or “fade-out” is made, the fade type is changed.

After the fade judgment unit 202 functions, the fade information buffer 203 stores the image ID, the information amount and the fade type.

(2-5) Step S1305

The encoding control unit 104 shown in FIG. 2 includes the encoding sequence control unit 204. The encoding sequence control unit 204 determines the order of effectively encoding the image based on the information of the fade information buffer 203.

With respect to the images judged to fade in, the encoding control unit notifies the motion detection unit 105 to perform encoding in the order of predicting an image having a small information amount from an image having a large information amount. This corresponds to the encoding of the fade-in portion in the reverse order to the display order. For example, the image ID is notified to the motion detection unit 105 in such an order that first, the final image in the fade-in portion is encoded by only in-picture prediction (I picture), next, a processing is continued such that the second image from the last is encoded by inter prediction (P picture) and the third image from the last is encoded by inter prediction (P picture), and finally, the first image of the fade portion in terms of time is encoded.

FIG. 10 shows this encoding order. Although this can not be performed in the conventional dynamic image encoding system such as MPEG-2 or MPEG-4, this has become possible in H.264 or the like which has been standardized in recent years. Although the foregoing example is the example of the case using only the P picture, also in the encoding with a B picture, the reverse order encoding can be similarly applied.

The motion detection unit 105 reads the input image from the input image memory 101 in accordance with the order indicated by the encoding sequence control unit 104, and performs the motion detection processing.

(3) Effects of the embodiment

According to this embodiment, the images judged to fade in can be prediction encoded in the reverse order to the display order. When the prediction encoding is performed in the reverse order to the display order, an image having a small information amount is predicted from an image having a large information amount, and the efficiency is good.

This is because a desired motion vector is detected more easily in the prediction direction in which the motion detection is performed from the image having the large information amount (pattern is detailed) than in the prediction direction in which the motion detection is performed from the image having the small information amount (pattern is not detailed), as shown in FIG. 11.

By this, as compared with the case where the fade-in portion is encoded in a normal order with respect to the time direction, the encoding efficiency of the P picture is improved.

Second Embodiment

Next, a second embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 12.

(1) Structure of Dynamic Image Encoding Device 100

In the second embodiment, although the structure is basically the same as the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the motion detection unit 105 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 includes a weight factor calculation unit 303 and a motion detection unit 304 as shown in FIG. 3.

The weight factor calculation unit 303 calculates a weight factor based on the ratio of the information amounts from a relevant image 301 and a reference image 302. The weight factor is a value necessary in a case where a weighted prediction is performed in the dynamic image encoding.

(2) Example of the Weighted Prediction

As an example of the weighted prediction, “Weighted Prediction” of H. 264 can be named.

As shown in FIG. 12, in an image (in FIG. 12, weighted reference-2 image) generated by assigning a weighting factor w (w>1) larger than 1 to an image (in FIG. 12, reference-2 image) having a smaller information amount, encoding distortion is increased.

On the contrary, in an image (in FIG. 12, weighted reference-1 image) generated by assigning a weight factor w (w<1) smaller than 1 to an image (in FIG. 12, reference-1 image) having a larger information amount, encoding distortion is decreased.

By this, it is understood that as compared with the prediction from the weighted reference-2 image, the prediction from the weighted reference-1 image does not receive the influence of the encoding distortion, and therefore, the prediction error signal is suppressed to be small, and the efficiency is good. In order to use this characteristic, in this embodiment, when the fade-in portion is detected, encoding is performed in the reverse order to the display order by using the weighted prediction.

(3) Motion Detection Unit 304

The motion detection unit 304 performs the motion detection processing and the generation of the prediction error signal by the relevant image and the weighted reference image. Besides, normal motion detection can also be performed without assigning weights to the reference image by the weight factor calculation unit 303. The prediction error signal calculated by the motion detection unit 304 is sent to the orthogonal transformation and quantization unit 106.

(4) Effects of the Embodiment

According to this embodiment, the image judged to fade in is prediction encoded in the reverse order to the display order and with the weighted prediction. By this, as compared with the case where the fade-in portion is encoded in the normal order with respect to the time direction, the encoding efficiency of the P picture is improved.

Third Embodiment

Next, a third embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4, 11 and 14.

In the third embodiment, the structure is basically the same as the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the encoding order control unit 204 in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is replaced by a motion detection accuracy control unit 404 as shown in FIG. 4.

Besides, a motion detection unit 105 is constructed such that the accuracy of motion detection can be changed by an instruction from the motion detection accuracy control unit 404.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a fade detection unit 103 and an encoding control unit 104.

When a fade-in portion is detected, the motion detection accuracy control unit 404 notifies the motion detection unit 105 to perform encoding while the motion detection accuracy in a temporally reverse order is raised as compared with the motion detection accuracy in a temporally normal order (step S1405).

Besides, when fade-out is detected, the motion detection accuracy control unit 404 notifies the motion detection unit 105 to perform encoding while the motion detection accuracy in the temporally normal order is raised as compared with the motion detection accuracy in the temporally reverse order (step S1405).

As shown in FIG. 11, a desired motion vector is detected more easily in the prediction direction in which the motion detection is performed from the image having the large information amount (pattern is detailed) than in the prediction direction in which the motion detection is performed from the image having the small information amount (pattern is not detailed). For example, consideration is given to the case where the motion detection of the B picture is performed at the time of fade-in. Although the B picture can take a forward image and a backward image as a reference image, a desirable motion vector is detected more easily in the prediction direction from the backward image having the large information amount than in the prediction direction from the forward image having the small information amount.

In this embodiment, by reducing the processing amount of the motion detection from the image having the small information amount to the image having the large information amount, in which it is difficult to obtain an accurate motion vector, the calculation amount of the B picture is reduced, while the encoding efficiency is kept.

Fourth Embodiment

Next, a fourth embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 5, 11 and 15.

In the fourth embodiment, the structure is basically the same as the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the encoding order control unit 204 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is replaced by a motion detection search range control unit 504 as shown in FIG. 5.

Besides, a motion detection unit 105 is constructed such that the search range of motion detection can be changed by an instruction from the motion detection search range control unit 504.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a fade detection unit 103 and an encoding control unit 104.

When a fade-in portion is detected, the motion detection search range control unit 504 notifies the motion detection unit 105 to perform encoding while a motion detection search range in the temporally reverse order is extended as compared with a motion detection search range in the temporally normal order (step S1505).

Besides, when fade-out is detected, the motion detection search range control unit 504 notifies the motion detection unit 105 to perform encoding while a motion detection search range in the temporally normal order is extended as compared with a motion detection search range in the temporally reverse order (step S1505).

This is because as shown in FIG. 11, a desired motion vector is detected more easily in the prediction direction in which the motion detection is performed from the image having the large information amount (pattern is detailed) than in the prediction direction in which the motion detection is performed from the image having the small information amount (pattern is not detailed).

In this embodiment, by reducing the processing amount of the motion detection from the image having the small information amount to the image having the large information amount, in which it is difficult to obtain an accurate motion vector, the calculation amount of the B picture is reduced, while the encoding efficiency is kept.

Fifth Embodiment

Next, a fifth embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 6, 11 and 16.

In the fifth embodiment, the structure is basically the same as the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the encoding order control unit 204 in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is replaced by a motion detection calculation amount control unit 604 as shown in FIG. 6.

Besides, a motion detection unit 105 is constructed such that the calculation amount of motion detection can be changed by an instruction from the motion detection calculation amount control unit 604.

Here, the largeness and smallness of the calculation amount indicates the coarseness and denseness of the motion vector search, the deepness and shallowness of the hierarchical search, or the highness and lowness of the degree of thinning of block pixels at the time of block matching.

The coarseness and denseness of the motion vector search indicates, for example, a one-pixel accuracy (for example, 1 pel) search (coarseness, calculation amount is small) or a ½ pixel accuracy search (denseness, calculation amount is large).

The deepness and shallowness of the hierarchical search indicates, for example, a whole search (shallowness, calculation amount is large), or a two-step search (deepness, calculation amount is small) in which a fine search is performed after a rough search.

The highness and lowness of the degree of thinning of block pixels at the time of block matching indicates, for example, two-pixel thinning (lowness, calculation amount is large), or four-pixel thinning (highness, calculation amount is small).

FIG. 16 is a flowchart of a fade detection unit 103 and an encoding control unit 104.

When a fade-in portion is detected, the motion detection calculation amount control unit 604 notifies the motion detection unit 105 to perform encoding while the calculation amount of the motion detection in the temporally reverse order is made larger than the calculation amount of the motion detection in the temporally normal order (step S1605).

When fade-out is detected, the motion detection calculation amount control unit 604 notifies the motion detection unit 105 to perform encoding while the calculation amount of the motion detection in the temporally normal order is made larger than the calculation amount of the motion detection in the temporally reverse order (step S1605).

As shown in FIG. 11, a desired motion vector is detected more easily in the prediction direction in which the motion detection is performed from the image having the large information amount (pattern is detailed) than in the prediction direction in which the motion detection is performed from the image having the small information amount (pattern is not detailed). In this embodiment, by reducing the processing amount of the motion detection from the image having the small information amount to the image having the large information amount, in which it is difficult to obtain the accurate motion vector, the calculation amount of the B picture is reduced, while the encoding efficiency is kept.

Sixth Embodiment

Next, a sixth embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 7, 11 and 17.

In the sixth embodiment, the structure is basically the same as the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the encoding order control unit 204 in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is replaced by a motion detection reference image control unit 704 as shown in FIG. 7.

Besides, a motion detection unit 105 is constructed such that the number of reference images of motion detection can be changed by an instruction from the motion detection reference image control unit 704.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart of a fade detection unit 103 and an encoding control unit 104.

When a fade-in portion is detected, the motion detection reference image control unit 704 notifies the motion detection unit 105 to perform encoding while the number of reference images of the motion detection processing in the temporally reverse order is made larger than the number of reference images of the motion detection processing in the temporally normal order (step S1705).

Besides, when fade-out is detected, the motion detection reference image control unit 704 notifies the motion detection unit 105 to perform encoding while the number of reference images of the motion detection processing in the temporally normal order is made larger than the number of reference images of the motion detection processing in the temporally reverse order (step S1705).

As shown in FIG. 11, a desired motion vector is detected more easily in the prediction direction in which the motion detection is performed from the image having the large information amount (pattern is detailed) than in the prediction direction in which the motion detection is performed from the image having the small information amount (pattern is not detailed). Then, in this embodiment, by reducing the processing amount of the motion detection from the image having the small information amount, in which it is difficult to obtain the accurate motion vector, the calculation amount of the B picture is reduced, while the encoding efficiency is kept.

Seventh Embodiment

Next, a seventh embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 8, 12 and 18.

In the seventh embodiment, the structure is basically the same as the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the encoding order control unit 204 in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is replaced by a weighted prediction control unit 804 as shown in FIG. 8.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart of a fade detection unit 103 and an encoding control unit 104 of the embodiment.

When a fade-in portion is detected, the weighted prediction control unit 804 notifies the motion detection unit 105 not to apply a weighted prediction when the motion detection in the temporally normal order is performed, and to apply the weighted prediction when the motion detection in the temporally reverse order is performed (step S1805).

When fade-out is detected, the weighted prediction control unit 804 notifies the motion detection unit 105 not to apply the weighted prediction when the motion detection in the temporally reverse order is performed, and to apply the weighted prediction when the motion detection in the temporally normal order is performed (step S1805).

As shown in FIG. 12, in an image (in FIG. 12, weighted reference-2 image) generated by assigning a weight to an image (in FIG. 12, reference-2 image) having a smaller information amount, encoding distortion is increased. In an image (in FIG. 12, weighted reference-1 image) generated by assigning a weight to an image (in FIG. 12, reference-1 image) having a larger information amount, encoding distortion is decreased. Thus, from FIG. 12, it is understood that as compared with the prediction from the weighted reference-2 image having the smaller information amount, the prediction from the weighted reference-1 image having the larger information amount does not receive the influence of the encoding distortion, and accordingly, the prediction error signal is suppressed to be small, and the efficiency is good.

In this embodiment, the weighted prediction is not applied to the image having the small information amount, and the weighted prediction is applied to the image having the large information amount, and accordingly, the processing amount of the weighted prediction in the B picture can be reduced, while the encoding performance is kept.

Eighth Embodiment

Next, an eighth embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 19.

In the eighth embodiment, although the structure is basically the same as the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the structure of the motion detection unit 105 in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is replaced by that shown in FIG. 9.

The input to the motion detection unit 105 is a relevant image 901, a reference-1 image 902, and a reference-2 image 903. It is assumed that a motion detection unit 906 has such specs that motion detection can be performed for three images of the reference-1 image 902, the reference-2 image 903 and the weighted reference-1 image 902 or the weighted reference-2 image 903. Thus, the weighted prediction is applied to one of the reference-1 image 902 and the reference-2 image 903, and this control is performed by a weighted prediction control unit 905.

(1) Structure of the Motion Detection Unit 105

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the structure of the motion detection unit 105.

The motion detection unit 105 includes a weighted prediction coefficient calculation unit 904, the weighted prediction control unit 905, and the motion detection unit 906. The weighted prediction includes, for example, “Weighted Prediction” of H.264 standards.

(2) Processing of the Motion Detection Unit 105

FIG. 19 is a flowchart of the motion detection unit 105 shown in FIG. 9.

(2-1) Step S1901

The weighted prediction coefficient calculation unit 904 calculates such a weighted prediction coefficient that a difference between the relevant image 901 and the reference-1 image 902 becomes minimum. Besides, the weighted prediction coefficient calculation unit 904 calculates also a weighted prediction coefficient for the relevant image 901 and the reference-2 image 903.

(2-2) Step S1902

The weighted prediction control unit 905 compares the weighted prediction coefficient of the reference-1 image 902 and the weighted prediction coefficient of the reference-2 image 903, and assigns a weight to an image having a smaller weighted prediction coefficient.

FIG. 12 shows the reason why such selection is performed.

In an image (in FIG. 12, weighted reference-2 imag) generated by assigning a weight to an image (in FIG. 12, reference-2 image) having a smaller information amount, encoding distortion is increased. In an image (in FIG. 12, weighted reference-1 image) generated by assigning a weight to an image (in FIG. 12, reference-1 image) having a larger information amount, encoding distortion is decreased. That is, it is understood that as compared with the prediction from the weighted reference-2 image having the small information amount, the prediction from the weighted reference-1 image having the large information amount does not receive the influence of the encoding distortion, and accordingly, the prediction error signal is suppressed to be small, and the efficiency is good.

(2-3) Step S1903

The motion detection unit 906 performs the motion detection for the three images of the reference-1 image 902, the reference-2 image 903, and the weighted reference-1 image 902 or the weighted reference-2 image 903.

(3) Effects of the Embodiment

In this embodiment, the weighted prediction is not applied to the image having the small information amount, and the weighted prediction is applied to the image having the large information amount, and therefore, the processing amount of the weighted prediction in the B picture can be reduced, while the encoding performance is kept. 

1. A dynamic image encoding device for performing an inter prediction, comprising: a fade-in detection unit configured to detect a fade-in portion of dynamic image; and an encoding unit configured to encode the fade-in portion of the dynamic images by using prediction from a temporally backward image.
 2. The dynamic image encoding device according to claim 1, wherein the encoding unit includes a dynamic image reverse order unit configured to arrange images in the fade-in portion to a temporally reverse order, and wherein the encoding unit sequentially encodes the arranged images.
 3. The dynamic image encoding device according to claim 2, wherein the encoding unit encodes the arranged images by using a weighted prediction.
 4. A dynamic image encoding device for performing an inter prediction, comprising: a fade-in detection unit configured to detect a fade-in portion of a dynamic image; a motion vector detection unit configured to detect, for each image in the fade-in portion, only a backward motion vector between the each image and a temporally forward image; and an encoding unit configured to encode the each image in the fade-in portion by using the backward motion vector.
 5. A dynamic image encoding device for performing an inter prediction, comprising: a fade-in detection unit configured to detect a fade-in portion of a dynamic image; a motion vector detection unit configured to detect, for each image in the fade-in portion, a backward motion vector between the each image and a temporally forward image and a forward motion vector between the each image and a temporally backward image; a detection accuracy control unit configured to control detection accuracy so that detection accuracy of the backward motion vector is higher than that of the forward motion vector; and an encoding unit configured to encode the each image in the fade-in portion by using both the backward motion vector and the forward motion vector.
 6. The dynamic image encoding device according to claim 4, wherein the encoding unit performs a weighted prediction in a temporally normal order or in a temporally reverse order.
 7. The dynamic image encoding device according to claim 5, wherein the encoding unit performs a weighted prediction in a temporally normal order or in a temporally reverse order.
 8. The dynamic image encoding device according to claim 5, wherein the motion vector detection accuracy is determined by acceptance or rejection of application of a weighted prediction.
 9. A dynamic image encoding device for performing an inter prediction, comprising: a fade-out detection unit configured to detect a fade-out portion of a dynamic image; a motion vector detection unit configured to detect, for each image in the fade-out portion, a forward motion vector between the each image and a temporally backward image; and an encoding unit configured to encode the each image in the fade-out portion by using the forward motion vector.
 10. A dynamic image encoding device for performing an inter prediction, comprising: a fade-out detection unit configured to detect a fade-in portion of a dynamic image; a motion vector detection unit configured to detect, for each image in the fade-out portion, a backward motion vector between the each image and a temporally forward image and a forward motion vector between the each image and a temporally backward image; a detection accuracy control unit configured to control detection accuracy so that detection accuracy of the forward motion vector is higher than that of the backward motion vector; and an encoding unit configured to encode the each image in the fade-out portion by using the backward motion vector or both the backward motion vector and the forward motion vector.
 11. The dynamic image encoding device according to claim 9, wherein the encoding unit performs a weighted prediction in a temporally normal order or in a temporally reverse order.
 12. The dynamic image encoding device according to claim 10, wherein the encoding unit performs a weighted prediction in a temporally normal order or in a temporally reverse order.
 13. The dynamic image encoding device according to claim 10, wherein the motion vector detection accuracy is determined by acceptance or rejection of application of a weighted prediction.
 14. A dynamic image encoding method for performing an inter prediction, comprising: detecting a fade-in portion of a dynamic image; and encoding the fade-in portion of the dynamic image by using prediction from a temporally backward image.
 15. The dynamic image encoding method according to claim 13, wherein when the encoding is performed, images in a fade-in portion are arranged to a temporally reverse order, and the arranged images are sequentially encoded.
 16. The dynamic image encoding method according to claim 14, wherein the arranged images are encoded by using a weighted prediction.
 17. A dynamic image encoding method for performing an inter prediction, comprising: detecting a fade-in portion of a dynamic image; detecting, for each image in the fade-in portion, only a backward motion vector between the each image and a temporally forward image; and encoding the each image in the fade-in portion by using the backward motion vector.
 18. A dynamic image encoding method for performing an inter prediction, comprising: detecting a fade-in portion of a dynamic image; detecting, for each image in the fade-in portion, a backward motion vector between the each image and a temporally forward image and a forward motion vector between the each image and a temporally backward image; controlling detection accuracy so that detection accuracy of the backward motion vector is higher than that of the forward motion vector; and encoding the each image in the fade-in portion by using both the backward motion vector and the forward motion vector.
 19. The dynamic image encoding method according to claim 17, wherein when the dynamic image is encoded, a weighted prediction in a temporally normal order or in a temporally reverse order is performed.
 20. The dynamic image encoding method according to claim 18, wherein when the dynamic image is encoded, a weighted prediction in a temporally normal order or in a temporally reverse order is performed.
 21. The dynamic image encoding method according to claim 18, wherein the motion vector detection accuracy is determined by acceptance or rejection of application of a weighted prediction.
 22. A dynamic image encoding method for performing an inter prediction, comprising: detecting a fade-out portion of dynamic image; detecting, for each image in the fade-out portion, a forward motion vector between the each image and a temporally backward image; and encoding the each image in the fade-out portion by using the forward motion vector.
 23. A dynamic image encoding method for performing an inter prediction, comprising: detecting a fade-out portion of a dynamic image; detecting, for each image in the fade-out portion, a backward motion vector between the each image and a temporally forward image and a forward motion vector between the each image and a temporally backward image; controlling detection accuracy so that detection accuracy of the forward motion vector is higher than that of the backward motion vector; and encoding the each image in the fade-out portion by using both the backward motion vector and the forward motion vector.
 24. The dynamic image encoding method according to claim 22, wherein when the dynamic image is encoded, a weighted prediction in a temporally normal order or in a temporally reverse order is performed.
 25. The dynamic image encoding method according to claim 23, wherein when the dynamic image is encoded, a weighted prediction in a temporally normal order or in a temporally reverse order is performed.
 26. The dynamic image encoding method according to claim 23, wherein the motion vector detection accuracy is determined by acceptance or rejection of application of a weighted prediction.
 27. A dynamic image encoding program product for performing an inter prediction, the program product comprising instructions of: detecting a fade-in of dynamic image; and encoding the fade-in portion of the dynamic image by using prediction from a temporally backward image.
 28. A dynamic image encoding program product for performing an inter prediction, the program product comprising instructions of: detecting a fade-in portion of a dynamic image; detecting, for each image in the fade-in images, only a backward motion vector between the each image and a temporally forward image; and encoding the each image in the fade-in portion by using the backward motion vector.
 29. A dynamic image encoding program product for performing an inter prediction, the program product comprising instructions of: detecting a fade-in portion of a dynamic image; detecting, for each image in the fade-in portion, a backward motion vector between the each image and a temporally forward image and a forward motion vector between the each image and a temporally backward image; controlling detection accuracy so that detection accuracy of the backward motion vector is higher than that of the forward motion vector; and encoding the each image in the fade-in portion by using both the backward motion vector and the forward motion vector.
 30. A dynamic image encoding program product for performing an inter prediction, the program product comprising instructions of: detecting a fade-out portion of dynamic image; detecting, for each image in the fade-out portion, a forward motion vector between the each image and a temporally backward image; and encoding the each image in the fade-out portion by using the forward motion vector.
 31. A dynamic image encoding program product for performing an inter prediction, the program product comprising instructions of: detecting a fade-out portion of a dynamic image; detecting, for each image in the fade-out portion, a backward motion vector between the each image and a temporally forward image and a forward motion vector between the each image and a temporally backward image; controlling detection accuracy so that detection accuracy of the forward motion vector is higher than that of the backward motion vector; and encoding the each image in the fade-out portion by using the backward motion vector or both the backward motion vector and the forward motion vector. 